SCRA has published a new research report today looking at 16 year olds in the Children’s Hearings System. The full report ‘Decision making on continuation of Compulsory Supervision Orders past young people’s 16th birthdays’ can be viewed here and information from the executive summary is available below.
Background to the report
It is widely recognised that looked after young people are particularly vulnerable in their transition from being in care to independent adulthood, and that this transition is at an earlier age and is more abrupt than that of their peers. Over the past 10 years, Scottish policy and legislation have developed to improve support for looked after young people in their transition to adult independence.
As part of this, the Hearings System is coming to be seen as a means by which more looked after young people can continue to be supported in the transition to adulthood. However, there is very little information on Hearings’ decision making on whether to extend young people’s Compulsory Supervision Orders (CSOs) past their 16th birthdays, and on this group of young people – their needs, the risks they face and how they are supported.
This research addresses these evidence gaps by examining the cases of young people approaching their 16th birthdays and Children’s Hearings decision making about them.
Research findings
This research looks at 113 young people (60 young women and 53 young men) on CSOs in 2016 who when aged between 15¾ and 16 years had Hearings which decided whether or not to continue their CSOs past their 16th birthdays.
Young women had high rates of mental and physical health concerns – 30% had physical health issues and 60% problems with their mental health, 20% had both mental and physical health problems. 8% of young men had physical health problems and 32% mental health problems.
Almost all the young people (81%) had problems with education, and for most this was related to poor attendance. Most (95%) were getting support for their educational problems. However, only 36% were at mainstream school on a full-time basis before they were 16 years old.
40% of young women were reported to have had used drugs and 43% alcohol; 36% of young men had used drugs and 23% alcohol.
60% of young women were reported to have been victims of offences or sexual or physical abuse – 35% had been victims of sexual abuse or offences, 37% victims of physical abuse or assaults, and 18% had been both physically and sexually abused. 26% of young men had been victims of physical abuse or assault.
Almost half (44%) first had their CSOs made on basis of grounds of lack of parental care, and 20% because of non-attendance at school.
Decision making on continuing Compulsory Supervision Orders past 16th birthday
72% of young people’s CSOs were continued past their 16th birthdays. These decisions followed social work recommendations that 75% of young people’s CSOs should be continued. In most cases Hearings were recognising young people’s vulnerabilities and the need to support them in the transition to further education and/or adult independence.
For those with CSOs terminated just before their 16th birthdays, for most this was because the CSO was no longer required because the young person (and their family) would receive support on a voluntary basis and/or that the young person had addressed their problems. All of the young people whose CSOs were continued and 75% of those whose CSOs were terminated were to receive on-going supports from services after they were 16.
Conclusion
Much of the current debate on the continued involvement of young people in the Hearings System has centred on the view that Hearings decide to terminate their CSOs too early. This research has shown that there is little evidence to support this and that in most cases Hearings do continue young people’s CSOs past their 16th birthdays.
The young people in this study had complex lives and were exposed to risks from others and from their own behaviour. They are not a homogeneous group as current policy implies. The young men and young women faced different risks, with young women being particularly vulnerable from poor mental and physical health and abuse. Should there be a gender-based approach to policy and practice on supporting care leavers?
The factors that predict poorer outcomes for care leavers are known and were prevalent in the lives of young people in this study. Should support and planning for young people leaving care start earlier when these predictive risk factors are first apparent?